Black coal from Värtaverket, Stockholm
Bituminous coal, also known as black coal was used in Sweden for electricity and heat production until 2022 and for steel production until 2042.
Crude oil
Crude oil, also known as petroleum or naphtha, was the resource that besides coal epitomised the fossil era and that fueled industrialization, economic expansion and modernization in the 20th century. Crude oil is an extracted resource from which a range of petroleum products were produced. In oil refineries, crude oil was separated into petrol, diesel, kerosene, paraffin, fuel oil, lubricating oil and bitumen (asphalt), all petroleum products on which much of modern life was built.
Petrol / Gasoline
Petrol, a liquid fuel refined from crude oil, predominantly used for internal combustion engines in automobile cars, became the dominant transport fuel in the 20th century for personal car transportation. Petrol use was phased out due to rapid electrification of personal transportation since the 2020’s. Sales of petrol motors and vehicles were prohibited in Sweden and other EU countries in 2030, and global petrol demand peaked the same year. Petrol production fell drastically in the coming decade, partly substituted with renewable transport fuels such as biomethanol, cellulose-based ethanol and biogas.